Denver, CO

One of the sunniest places in the U.S., Denver averages 300 days of blue skies and sunshine each year through four distinct seasons with only a modest amount of precipitation.

Winters are mild with an average daily temperature of 7 C (45 F) and summers enjoy low humidity with an average daily temperature of 30 C (86 F). July is the warmest month of the year and December is the coldest.

Like all cities tucked into the Rocky Mountains, Denver can be subject to sudden changes in weather, but will swiftly return to average temperatures.

Denver is geographically isolated, sitting exactly one mile (1.6 kilometers) above sea level and over 600 miles (966 kilometers) from any other major city. Bound on the west by the bold foothills and towering peaks of the Rocky Mountains, and protected to the east by an expansive and unforgiving high desert terrain, it is a place where everybody seems to be from somewhere else. The city was originally founded in 1858 in the midst of the gold rush, attracting many hopefuls who sought to make their fortune here.

Today, modern-day pioneers flock to Denver for world-class skiing and biking, serene hiking, and intense rock climbing adventures. People come here from far and wide to imbibe famous microbrews, stand in the humbling presence of massive peaks, or find prosperity in the booming computer and telecommunications economy. The end result: blended but cohesive neighborhoods brimming with a diverse collection of cultures - a city that exudes character and charm.

Downtown/Auraria

Anchored by Civic Center Park and the 16th Street Mall - a mile-long, tree-lined pedestrian promenade - downtown is the perfect place to begin exploring the Mile High City. Downtown's vital mix of government, entertainment, business and sports facilities make Denver's central business district the envy of the West. Take a tour of the Colorado State Capitol Building, where the 18th step places you exactly one mile above sea level, or stroll through the nation's best collection of Native American art at the Denver Art Museum. Shop away at the Denver Pavilions or take in a Broadway show at one of the eight theaters comprising the Denver Performing Arts Complex. Spend a day wandering the shores of Downtown Aquarium or seek adventure at Elitch Gardens. After a long day of sightseeing, kick back in a brewpub and enjoy a microbrew, or treat yourself to a fine dining experience at one of downtown's excellent restaurants.

Historic Lower Downtown (LoDo)
The ghosts of the red light district from Denver's gold rush days may still haunt the streets of lower downtown, but they are not alone anymore. The area, termed LoDo by locals, was virtually empty 10 years ago, but since the opening of Coors Field, home to baseball's Colorado Rockies, this 20-block district of 19th-century brick buildings is once more abuzz with energy. The original commercial core of Denver underwent a major renovation and now sports a seemingly endless variety of trendy pubs, restaurants, nightclubs, shops and luxurious loft apartments. Larimer Square, at the southern end of LoDo, occupies a portion of Denver's oldest street. Today, it radiates Victorian charm and bustles with the contagious energy of youth. The buildings, now occupied by upscale chains, including Morton's of Chicago, and Denver originals like the Wynkoop Brewing Company, have long histories as former brothels, saloons and old-time general stores.

Uptown/City Park
This eclectic residential district stretching east from downtown to City Park is home to Denver's famed Restaurant Row, a collection of elegant fine dining establishments, as well as a scattering of nightclubs and bars. It is also a great place to check out some of Denver's Victorian architecture and the impressive Cathedral of Immaculate Conception - a Romanesque masterpiece with towering, Gaudi-esque spires. A lively stretch of Colfax, Denver's longest and most eccentric avenue, wanders through Uptown. The area offers off-the-wall neighborhood bars, excellent ethnic cuisine, and the nation's best musical acts at the refurbished Ogden Theatre and Fillmore Auditorium. City Park, a beautiful legacy from the City Beautiful period, houses the Denver Zoo and the popular Denver Museum of Nature and Science.

Five Points/Curtis Park
Throughout Denver's illustrious history, Five Points and the Curtis Park district, northeast of downtown, have been a sanctuary for the African American community. Ever since Benny Hooper strolled into town in the 1920s and opened up his club/recreation center/hotel for black servicemen, the streets of Five Points have whispered jazz. Hooper's club underwent renovation a few years ago and reopened as the Casino Cabaret and then again as the Cervantes' Masterpiece Ballroom; the venue now hosts hip-hop, electronica, bluegrass, jam-bands and other indie acts. The entire neighborhood is experiencing an urban renaissance as small businesses infiltrate the historic district and boost the economy. One of Denver's liveliest festivals, Juneteenth, fills the streets with laughter and frenzy at the dawn of each summer.

Capitol Hill
While walking the diverse streets of Capitol Hill, you might actually feel the city's pulse pounding beneath your feet. Once the neighborhood of Denver's wealthiest citizens, this area blends the past with the present, its lanes lined with ancient Victorian mansions alongside contemporary condos and apartment complexes. Although the streets are always filled with people at all hours of the night, the neighborhood is safe and friendly. Young hipsters stroll along the same sidewalks that Neal Cassidy and Jack Kerouac once trod, searching for an evening fix of entertainment in one of the diverse array of clubs, coffeehouses, art houses, galleries and bars. It is a great place to observe the way Denver moves through day-to-day life. A wealth of historical sightseeing includes the Molly Brown House and tours of the Governor's Mansion, which resides in south Capitol Hill near the ultra-trendy Govn'rs Park.

Congress Park/Cheesman Park
A diverse mix of ethnic, age, and income groups populate these old neighborhoods bordering Capitol Hill, barely a mile from downtown. The area serves as a hotbed for Denver's gay community and fashionable 30-somethings. Cheesman Park, the former city graveyard, is now Denver's urban emerald. You will find the best mountain views in the city on the park's central acropolis. The Denver Botanic Gardens occupies the east side of the park and makes for a wonderful romantic stroll. The Congress Park vicinity encompasses Greek Town, a six-block section filled with eclectic festivities and animated diner-type restaurants.

Cherry Creek
This stylish district features some of Denver's best-known attractions, including the beloved Tattered Cover Bookstore, and Denver's number one tourist attraction, the Cherry Creek Mall. The open air-shopping plaza across from the mall, Cherry Creek North, is a menagerie of upscale boutiques, art galleries, fine dining and unique bars. It is a popular gathering place for locals on the weekend.

Washington Park
Residents of Denver have a taste for the outdoors, which can be attested by the active folks who are always running or pedaling around the verdant landscape of Washington Park. Volleyball and soccer games fill the park lawns, and the bike path is always glutted with in-line thrill-seekers and fierce-pedaling bikers. Numerous park benches and giant shade trees make for great places to chat with locals and relax on a weekday afternoon. The surrounding neighborhood is one of Denver's most affluent, yet is unpretentious and loaded with rare gems such as the hearty Italian restaurant, Carmine's On Penn.

University Park
Washington Park's wild southern neighbor is University Park, home of the University of Denver. The area is a hotbed of cultural activity and displays some of south Denver's finest architecture, including the Ritchie Center - a mammoth copper and sandstone structure with a bell tower bedecked in gold. From booming concerts at Magness Arena and mellow, folk gatherings at Swallow Hill, to pizza and pool at Anthony's, this neighborhood offers a little something of everything. South Pearl Street is a cozy little shopping spot and is home to the popular Japanese joint, Sushi Den.

Golden
Located on the western fringe of Denver, surrounded by a jagged hogback and a plethora of wide buttes, Golden is a charming small town (do not ever say it is a suburb) that echoes Colorado's gold rush heritage. Home of the Coors Brewing Company and the Buffalo Bill Museum, Golden is an excellent spot to experience Western Americana. The locals have traded in their horses for mountain bikes, and the town boasts some of the best trail riding in the country at famed Apex Park and White Ranch Park.

Denverites love the outdoors. The sun shines brightly for over 300 days a year, and the dry climate and unpredictable weather patterns allow for intense mountain biking one day and perfect powder skiing the next. A good portion of the city heads to the mountains come the weekend, leaving the rest of the populace to enjoy Denver's immense assortment of cultural delights. Even though much of the city's entertainment involves sweat, residents easily maneuver from an exhilarating day on the slopes to an afternoon hockey game or a night at the symphony. Most places, whether restaurants, nightclubs or theaters, are brimming with activity every night of the week.

Sports & Recreation
When it comes right down to it, Denver is a haven for sports and recreation. The Broncos, Rockies, Avalanche and Nuggets, all draw admirers from across the region, and avid fans gather to catch a game at Coors Field. Skiers and snowboarders jam the slopes from November to early July, while people from all corners converge here in summer for camping, fishing and backpacking in the serene Rocky Mountains. On evenings when warm weather prevails, the after-work crowd escapes to the Front Range trails for a breath of fresh air, while weekends lure thousands to the area's greenbelts for relaxation and exercise. From spectator sports to outdoor adventures, Denver has you covered.

Museums
Denver Museum of Nature and Science, located in City Park, is the city's largest cultural attraction drawing almost 2-million visitors annually. Built in 1900, it is the home to the IMAX Theater and Prehistoric Journey - an interactive time warp into the dinosaur age. The museum has also played host to such famous exhibits as The Aztecs and The Imperial Tombs of China. The Denver Art Museum displays two floors of Native American artifacts, and also offers a smart mixture of Asian art and contemporary design. The building itself, a modern interpretation of a fortified castle, is a stunning piece of architecture. Recent renovations added a restaurant and viewing space for larger installations. History buffs will enjoy the History Colorado Center and its exhibits chronicling the heyday of cowboys, Indians and the gold rush - an era that taught the nation to dream of greater, grander things.

Denver also contains a wealth of fascinating specialty museums. The Molly Brown House chronicles the legendary exploits of the "unsinkable Molly Brown," a RMS Titanic survivor and prominent Denver citizen. In the Five Points neighborhood, stop by the Black American West Museum for an intriguing account of the African-American effort on the frontier. Appropriately, the museum is located in the old home of Colorado's first female African-American physician. Golden offers the Colorado Rail Museum, a 12-acre outdoor venue with over 50 antique locomotives on display, while the Buffalo Bill Museum, honors the riotous life of William Cody from its perch atop Lookout Mountain, with astonishing views of the city.

Film
The Denver International Film Festival comes to town each October with a fresh roster of short films, documentaries and feature-length flicks. A variety of quaint art house cinemas along with sprawling mega-movie complexes are scattered across the metro area. For the latest in obscure, avant-garde releases, stop by the Mayan Theater on Broadway, or the Esquire which screens more popular independent features on a wide screen. If you are in the mood for the latest commercial movies, the United Artists Theaters at the Denver Pavilions are comfortable and include stadium seating.

Music
Denver's homegrown music has produced a creative blend of commercial acts ranging from the roots-rockers Big Head Todd and the Monsters, to the fevered 16 Horsepower and the Apples in Stereo. A multitude of intimate venues attract the hippest national and independent bands. Established acts fill the exquisitely renovated Fillmore Auditorium and awe with a little help from the best sound system in Denver. In summer, fans congregate at Red Rocks Amphitheater for live music in an awesome mountain setting. There are also restored cinema halls like the Bluebird Theatre, Ogden Theatre, and Gothic Theatre that now host the hottest emerging acts.

Local bands take the stage at Herman's Hideaway, while the Soiled Dove in LoDo is the perfect place to hear the likes of Hazel Miller sing the blues or Sally Taylor conjure the ghosts of folk legends. If a more refined musical structure appeals to you, attend a performance by the Colorado Symphony. Under the direction of Maestro Marin Alsop, the classical virtuosos have attained national acclaim and consistently perform with such notable figures as Yo Yo Ma and the Anonymous 4.

Dance & Nightlife
The Colorado Ballet has been gracing Denver stages since 1961 with quality international dance and classical ballet, and the Colorado Academy of Ballet trains aspiring dancers in advanced Russian techniques. The David Taylor Theater is another distinguished contemporary ballet company in Denver that produces the ever-popular Nutcracker leading up to Christmas each year. If you prefer modern dance, check out the celebrated Cleo Parker Robinson Dance troupe for beautifully choreographed interpretive pieces.

If you would rather do the dancing yourself, head over to The Church, the city's most popular nightclub, for a night dancing to frenzied, techno tunes. Milk, on the other hand, is an off-beat beauty, consistently voted one of the city's best underground bars and famed for its line-up of retro, goth and hard rock lineup. The Black Box is another underground alternative for bass music in an intimate space. The Mile High City also boasts a Latin niche; after a few free lessons hit the dance floor at La Rumba or the Mercury Cafe. From the upscale environs of the Stereo Lounge and the dance-club staple, Vinyl, to the eclectic Beta Nightclub and the Country-Western stalwart, Grizzly Rose, Denver's nighttime charms are aplenty.

Theater

The Denver Performing Arts Complex is the second largest theatrical venue in the nation behind the Kennedy Center in Washington DC, and stages the latest Broadway musicals and plays. Resting beneath an inventive, arched glass ceiling, the complex holds eight distinctive spaces, including the 2,800-seat Temple Buell Theater; adorned in neo-classical design, the theater presents the latest contemporary off-Broadway dramas and comedies by critically acclaimed ensembles. The Denver Center Theater Group, housed at the complex, recently brought home a Tony Award for the best regional theater.

For local offerings, check out the Avenue Theater for the hottest comedies and the long-running audience participation favorite, Murder Most Foul. On the other hand, performance art and the spoken word rule the roost at the Bug Theater.

Opera Colorado, feeding the artistic spirit since 1983, performs three booming epics a year at Boettcher Concert Hall and the Buell Theater.

Other Cultural Odds & Ends
The Downtown Aquarium has earned rave reviews, offering visitors a chance to explore exotic underwater environments and discover what lies beneath the rivers running through Colorado. The Denver Zoo is the city's most beloved attraction, drawing well over a million visitors each year with such popular exhibits as the Primate Panorama and Tropical Discovery. In beautiful Cheesman Park, the Denver Botanic Gardens display a scenic expanse of varying foliage from around the world and a special exhibit on water plants. Finally, if you want to see the workings of a brewery first hand, Coors Brewing Company gives daily tours and best of all, free samples.

Blend a deep Hispanic tradition with an Asian migration, mix it up with a big dash of sports frenzy and the Wild West, and Denver's dining scene begins to take shape. And do not forget the beer. Known for its casual atmosphere, brewpubs, and sports bars, the Mile High City has always been famous for good grub, but recently arrived culinary masters, attracted by the panoramic mountain setting, have vaulted Denver to the fine dining forefront. Although Denverites now enjoy fancier fare, they still love their beer.

Downtown/Auraria
Downtown has satisfied the appetites of Denver's business class for decades with an array of casual establishments providing comfortable atmospheres for relaxation and work. Still, if formal dining is on the agenda, there are plenty of options. The Palm takes care of the surf and turf crowd. Marlowe's huge neon martini sign overlooks the 16th Street Mall and attracts visitors for its continental cuisine. Relax at Domo's authentic country house for a remarkable Japanese dining experience, or head down the street to the Buckhorn Exchange, Denver's first restaurant and a true meat-lover's paradise. Under the watchful eyes of big game trophies you can try all sorts of wild game including alligator, elk and rattlesnake. Dine with Denver's elite in the Napoleonic setting of Palace Arms, located in the historic Brown Palace.

Historic Lower Downtown (LoDo)
More restaurants, bars, bakeries, and coffeehouses inhabit these 20 blocks than any other district in Denver. There are so many, in fact, it is hard to choose just one. LoDo plays host to a multitude of brewpubs pouring homemade concoctions and cooking creative alternatives to traditional bar food. The Wynkoop, named after Denver's first sheriff, holds the honor as the city's oldest brewery, and fries a mean fish and chips. Its Railyard Ale is one of the area's tastiest brews. Or, for the closest thing to fine dining that a brewpub can get, see if you can get a table at the Denver Chophouse, which features steaks galore. If you want to enjoy a wide variety of ales, the Falling Rock Tap House has 69 beers on tap, including a wide selection from local breweries. Steak and potatoes are the thing at Morton's. Jax Fish House is one of the well known seafood stops in the area. P.F. Chang's is the place for a Chinese fix. After major sporting events, the streets of LoDo flood with hungry fans, and the restaurants fill at an alarming rate. Reservations are necessary everywhere.

Uptown/City Park
Restaurant Row is a sanctuary for culinary artists. Chefs display their magic nightly at such exquisite haunts as the Avenue Grill, a favorite destination for couples, that features a varied menu with western favorites. If pizza and crowds are on the menu, Pasquini's, located in an old house on 17th Avenue, is the place to be. After enjoying the restaurant's hip ambiance and vogue cuisine, wander next door to the Rhino Room for a Colorado microbrew and a game of pool in an environment straight out of the 1970s. As the night begins to wind down, relax at St. Mark's for a late night cup of coffee and a fresh baked muffin.

Capitol Hill
Cozy, family owned restaurants, friendly local pubs, and coffeehouses populate the streets of Capitol Hill. Most have been around forever and have developed a faithful following. Stop by Benny's Cantina for a fiesta of sloppy Mexican grub. Dazzle, a newcomer to the scene, specializes in unique American cuisine. Sing bygone favorites at Charlie Brown's piano bar while deciphering the neighborhood's most complex menu.

Chessman Park/Congress Park
From quaint street-side cafes to elegant food extravaganzas, this district is sure to please. The Barolo Grill treats the palate to expensive but superb Italian cuisine and boasts the most extensive wine selection in Denver. The Satire Lounge serves a dash of dark ambiance with big dishes of Mexican standards, and the Grand China is the stop for authentic Chinese fare.

Cherry Creek
This is the Mile High City's dining central, where food designs are the norm and a simple ceramic plate becomes a canvas beckoning art. Dramatic? Maybe, but many of Cherry Creek's fine restaurants can make a dining experience into a thing of beauty. Expect to pay a hefty price, though. Delectable Indian delights are at the Bombay Clay Oven, and Little Ollie's sculpts healthy (nothing deep-fried here) Chinese food. If you are searching for the obscure, check out the underground RooBar for inventive martinis along with classic bar grub. The Cherry Cricket, a ruffian original in the upscale district, spices things up with burning batches of homemade green chili.

Washington Park
Old South Gaylord Street feeds the neighborhood with a myriad of timeless standards. Visit the Washington Park Grille, a crowded bistro with a flair for Italian, or wander next door for some seafood at Max Gill and Grill.

University Park
University Park is full of popular dives and down home joints serving burgers and pizza. Fagan's Restaurant and Bar is the place to get authentic Shepherd's Pie and a flavor of Old World Ireland. The Jerusalem Restaurant delves into exotic textures and fine Middle Eastern cuisine. Mustard's Last Stand specializes in hot dogs and Polish sausage.

Northwest Denver/Highland
An emerging hotspot for Denver diners, the Highland neighborhood in Northwest Denver offers a great selection of Mexican restaurants and an array of inventive, family-owned bistros.

Golden/West Denver
For a real treat, head to the foothills and check out the historic Fort. Built atop a high slope, with picturesque views, this establishment is the ultimate in romantic mountain dining. The menu is extremely meat oriented and the chefs prepare venison and elk in wonderfully creative ways.

Denver

State: Colorado

Country: United States

Denver By The Numbers
Population: 682,545 (city); 2,814,330 (metropolitan area)
Elevation: 5,280 feet / 1,609 meters
Average Annual Rainfall: 15.5 inches/ 38 centimeters
Average Annual Snowfall: 55.4 inches / 104 centimeters
Average January Temperature: 30.5°F / -0.83°C
Average July Temperature: 73.5°F / 23°C

Quick Facts
Electricity: 120 volts AC, 60Hz; standard two-pin plugs

Time zone: GMT - 7 (GMT -6 Daylight Saving Time); Mountain Standard Time (MST)

Country dialing code: +1

Area Codes: 303; 720

Did You Know?
Because of Denver’s high altitude and the resulting thin air, golf balls go 10% farther than they would at sea level.

Denver’s Colfax Avenue is the longest continuous street in the country, measuring in at over 26 miles (42 kilometers) in length.

Orientation
Denver is centrally located in Colorado, being situated in the South Platte River Valley, just miles from the Rocky Mountain foothills. The city is located about 95 miles (153 kilometers) south of Cheyenne, Wyoming.

Denver's history as a boom and bust town began with the desire for a simple precious metal: gold. In 1858, a group of prospectors were exploring the Kansas Territory, which then encompassed what is now Colorado, and discovered piles of the almighty metal at the confluence of the Platte River and Cherry Creek. One of the prospectors, William Larimer, established Denver City in an area then populated by the Arapaho tribe, who camped along the banks of Cherry Creek while hunting and gathering. Over the next two years, a new gold fever penetrated the pulse of the eastern states. 100,000 hopefuls pioneered across the harsh landscape to the territory, seeking instant prosperity. The influx uprooted the Native Americans and forced them to move on, while the settler population soared, causing the federal government to create the Colorado Territory. So began Denver's first boom, inspiring its mythical image as a Wild West town ruled by material obsession.

In 1859, at the peak of the rush, Denver's first notable figure strolled into town with a vision well beyond the price of gold. William N. Byers moved to Denver from Ohio, via Omaha, and founded the Rocky Mountain News. Through the newspaper, he tried to calm the hysteria and instability associated with the gold rush, by promoting settlement on the high desert frontier. Byers proceeded to create an illusion of Denver, proclaiming the city to be the "Queen City of the Plains" and the new steamboat capitol of the West, ready for a river full of industry. Unfortunately, the small, shallow Platte River could not live up to Byers' grand words. The ports of wealth never materialized, and the even smaller Cherry Creek soon declined into a cesspool of mining pollution. Despite this failure, Byers, who also founded the city's Chamber of Commerce, was streamlining himself for a great career in politics. His chances dissipated, however, during an adulterous scandal which culminated in a typical Wild West shootout scene in the middle of a downtown street.

In 1865, Denver City was deemed capital of the new Territory. In 1881, five years after Colorado gained statehood, it was chosen over Golden, Colorado Springs, and Boulder as the official state capital. During this period, Denver blossomed rapidly. Railroad-borne business transformed this one-dimensional mining Mecca into a more balanced industrial and agricultural "cow town." Even so, the city experienced its first bust in 1893, after the Silver Crash crippled Colorado's silver-producing economy. A tough 10-year depression followed. Despite the hardships of the times, city leaders managed to construct the beautiful neo-classical Colorado State Capitol Building and the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. From 1904 until 1918, when the entire nation was in the process of revitalizing itself, energetic civic leader Robert Speer took Denver's mayoral reigns and vowed to create an "American Paris." During this era, known nationally as the City Beautiful period, Denver curbed its unchecked growth with a solid urban plan. Some of the city's most recognizable landmarks date from this time, including the City and County Building and Washington and City Parks. Speer conjured a four-part plan for city improvements, beginning with Civic Center Park. He wanted Denver to boast a beautiful city center with lush walkways and focal points of extravagant architecture. Thus, Civic Center Park, between the Colorado State Capitol Building and the entrance to downtown, is embellished with impressive gardens, a serene thoroughfare, and a Greek-style outdoor amphitheater. Speer also sought to bring shade to the desert. He initiated the planting of over 100,000 trees, creating numerous boulevards lined with oaks and elms. Through a prolonged effort, even the polluted Cherry Creek was transformed into a verdant greenway, and new mountain and city parks further enhanced the beauty of the area.

Speer faced harsh criticism for some of these projects, especially for the boulevard that bore his name and meandered from downtown to the country club district. But it was nothing compared to the wrath his successor, Benjamin F. Stapleton, faced for building Denver's first airport. Stapleton, notorious for his membership in the Ku Klux Klan, was captivated by flight. He strove to end the city's isolation on the plains by laying the foundation for Denver Municipal Airport in 1929. Critics went wild, calling the plan downright stupid, and saying the location was so far out east of the city that it might as well be in Kansas. Ultimately, the airport was a success. After the Great Depression of the 1930s, the city and Stapleton focused on the mountain parks, calling for the creation of a "rock garden" in the nearby hills. Years of diligent planning and painstaking construction carved the jagged red rocks into an intimate, natural stadium known as Red Rocks Amphitheatre which even today is still universally recognized as one of the greatest outdoor concert venues in the world.

The 1930s and 1940s also brought a military and federal government presence to Denver, with the opening of Lowry Air Force Base and the Denver Federal Center. This initiated a trend continuing over the next 40 years as Denver and the Front Range became home to Fitzsimmon's Army Hospital, the Air Force Academy, and Buckley Air Field. Now, Denver supports the largest Federal employee population outside of Washington DC. As the Cold War progressed, Denver gained a high-tech military installation in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, as well as the infamous plutonium-producing Rocky Mountain Flats. Although these sites boosted Denver's economy and population, they also caused an enormous amount of controversy. Since the end of the Cold War, the majority of Colorado's major military sites have closed down due to subsequent defense cuts.

During the 1950s, "black gold" struck the hearts of Denverites, sending the economy into another boom, and creating millionaires overnight. Oil companies from around the globe set up shop in Denver, inspiring Mayor Quigg Newton to reevaluate the city's "cow town" persona. The city rode the oil boom long enough to use the steady flow of tax revenue to revitalize schools, institute cultural amenities, and reinvent the central business district. In 1969, the revitalization campaign led to the controversial decision to bulldoze Auraria, Denver's oldest and poorest neighborhood. Originally a separate township, Auraria was a rival to Denver City back in the gold rush days. The two entities eventually settled differences and merged into one, under the name of Denver. From the dust of the wrecking crews, a beautiful urban educational center arose, known as the Auraria Campus. The area now holds three city colleges along with a collection of original neighborhood landmarks, including the Tivoli Brewing Company, St. Elizabeth's Church and St. Cajetan's Church.

The city then turned toward cleaning up rundown areas of downtown. This time, however, the money ran short. Consequently dismantled lots sat vacant and overgrown until the early 1980s.

Another boom followed, this time bringing the towering icons of corporate wealth: skyscrapers. The new oil boom at last transformed the city into a modern metropolis, with immense highrises sprawling along the Front Range and a mobile population almost completely dependent upon the automobile. Unfortunately, like everything else associated with the Mile High City's bipolar history, this boom was also bound to bust.

In the mid-1980s, the price of oil plummeted from USD39 a barrel to USD9, sending the city into a devastating recession. The downtown skyscrapers stood empty, and the central streets of the city soon resembled a ghost town. Much of the populace fled to better opportunities elsewhere.

Federico Pena, Denver's first Hispanic leader, fought tooth and nail to change the city's identity in the late 1980s. Pena reinstated the Chamber of Commerce and directed new funding into Denver's cultural institutions, including the Denver Zoo and the Denver Art Museum. Tourists were already passing though Denver en route to the world-class skiing in the mountains, so Pena decided to initiate a plan to give out-of-towners a reason to stop. Thus, the Mile High City began the slow process of washing away an unsightly industrial past in favor of the glitz associated with a tourist and service oriented town.

Perhaps Pena's greatest feat was paving the way for the construction of the Denver International Airport. Pena's successor, Wellington Webb, Denver's first African American mayor, faced intense scrutiny over the airport site. Located in what is often termed "the middle of nowhere" by locals and tourists alike, the airport is one of the world's largest and is consistently one of the busiest.

Denver's shiny new look fueled yet another economic boom that ignited an urban renaissance under Mayor Webb's watchful eye. The spark that flamed this boom came when the city was awarded a major league baseball franchise in the early 1990s. Planners opted to build a new stadium in the heart of an old warehouse district, by banking on the "If you build it, they will come" philosophy. New businesses, restaurants and shops recognized the brilliance of this theory and quickly moved into the area's surrounding historical structures that had somehow survived the wrecking balls and years of vacancy. The end result: an upscale entertainment district called LoDo, jammed with old, revitalized brick buildings and anchored by Coors Field, a beautifully designed, old-fashioned ballpark. The people, of course, came too. So many, in fact, that developers infiltrated the area and transformed the old buildings into elegant lofts. The success of LoDo spilled into downtown and the surrounding areas, creating an infusion of inner growth. The promotion of luxurious urban living served as an antidote to some of the area's aggressive suburban sprawl. Denver's population now soared at a rate comparable to that of its suburban rivals.

Denver quickly emerged as a lively sports town and entertainment-filled metropolis, attracting gaggles of tourists who instead of leaving, fell in love with the city's energy and mountain setting, and became permanent residents. In 1993, over 30,000 inhabitants of California flooded the Front Range, rocketing the population to over two-million and creating major growth issues as rapid development gobbled up former open spaces to house the new arrivals. New high-tech computer and telecommunication businesses also sought refuge in Denver's endless sunshine.

As the 1990s pushed on, the city continued to focus inward, moving the beloved historical amusement park, Elitch Gardens, to the central Platte Valley just south of LoDo. In 1999, Colorado's Ocean Journey, an interactive aquarium, opened in the central Platte Valley. The same year saw the opening of the Pepsi Center, a new brick and glass structure that plays home to the Denver Nuggets and the Colorado Avalanche.

Denver's boom and bust cycle has allowed the city to continually reinvent itself, fluctuating from a gold town to a cow town, from an oil town to a tourist town. With each change the city history becomes more complex and vibrant. No one can predict when the next bust will come, but Denver will most likely continue to find new and unique ways to propel itself forward.

Denver boasts an interesting mix of attractions, providing visitors with many tour options.

Civic Center Park
Walk through Civic Center Park, where you'll see the Colorado State Capitol Building, a remarkable turn of the century Greek replica, the History Colorado Center and the Denver Library. Later, hop in at Mad Greens for a light salad and continue to explore the nearby Denver Art Museum.

Denver History Museum
Next door to the Denver Art Museum is the Byers-Evans House. The Colorado History Museum is also in this area. The City and County Building and the U.S. Mint are not far from a good selection of restaurants. The City O' City is a fine choice who wish to eat a light, vegetarian meal in bohemian surrounds.

Denver Performing Arts Complex
The 16th Street Mall and the Denver Pavilions are two popular shopping options. Nearby is the Paramount Theater, the Denver Performing Arts Complex and the Tabor Center.

Writer Square
Walk around Writer Square, which acts as a passage to Larimer Square. Dine at the Denver Chophouse and Brewery. Browse the Tattered Cover Bookstore, then walk to Union Station and tour Denver's first brewery, the Wynkoop Brewing Company.

Molly Brown House
In Capitol Hill, visit the Molly Brown House and St. John's Episcopal Cathedral. Discover the neighborhood's more modern offerings at Wax Trax, one of the city's preeminent independent record shops. Nearby is the Grant-Humphreys Mansion and the Governor's Mansion.

Denver Botanic Gardens

Located in Cheesman Park, take a whirl around the beautiful gardens, replete with wildflower exhibits, and a bewildering collection of North America's plants from cold temperate climates. Later, continue your natural expedition to the Denver Zoo, a sprawling facility that features the historic Bear Mountain.

Bus Tours

Gray Line Tours ( +1 303 394 6920/ http://www.grayline.com ) Banjo Billy's Bus Tours ( +1 720 771 0087/ http://www.banjobilly.com/ ) Pacesetter Coach Lines ( +1 303 289 5637 )

Historic Tours
Black American West Museum and Heritage Center ( +1 303 292 2566/ http://www.blackamericanwest.org/ ) Grant-Humphreys Mansion ( +1 303 894 2505/ http://www.coloradohistory.org/ghm/rentalsGrantHum.htm ) Byers-Evans House/Denver History Museum ( +1 303 620 4933/ http://www.coloradohistory.org/ )

Air Tours
Columbine Air Tours ( +1 719 658 0659) Soaring Adventures of America ( +1 303 436 1436 ) Sunny Day Come Fly Away ( +1 303 456 5916 )

Trolley Tours
Platte Valley Trolley ( +1 303 458 6255/ http://www.denvertrolley.org/ )

Balloon Tours

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